Geographic Problem Frames
نویسندگان
چکیده
We present a set of problem frames specialized to the area of geographic applications. Problem frames describe the elements of common problems, and help a specifier understand and decompose a complex problem into simpler subproblems for which a solution is often known. We provide an overview of the main issues in geographic applications, and present twelve frames that address many of the problems in the area.
منابع مشابه
A NEW MEMETIC SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR SPECTRAL LAYOUT DESIGN OF BRACED FRAMES
For most practical purposes, true topology optimization of a braced frame should be synchronized with its sizing. An integrated layout optimization is formulated here to simultaneously account for both member sizing and bracings’ topology in such a problem. Code-specific seismic design spectrum is applied to unify the earthquake excitation. The problem is solved for minimal structural weight un...
متن کاملTWO-STAGE METHOD FOR DAMAGE LOCALIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION IN HIGH-RISE SHEAR FRAMES BASED ON THE FIRST MODE SHAPE SLOPE
In this paper, a two-stage method for damage detection and estimation in tall shear frames is presented. This method is based on the first mode shape of a shear frame. We demonstrate that the first mode shape slope is very sensitive to the story stiffness. Thus, at the first stage, by using the grey system theory on the first mode shape slope, damage locations are identified in shear frames. Da...
متن کاملComparison of Seismic Behavior of Buckling-restrained Braces and Yielding Brace System in Irregular and Regular Steel Frames under Mainshock and Mainshock-Aftershock
Due to low stiffness of braces after yielding, the structures with buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) experience high residual drifts during an earthquake, which can be intensified by aftershocks and causes considerable damages to structures. Also, due to poor distribution of stiffness, this problem is exacerbated for irregular structures. Recently, the yielding brace system (YBS) has been intro...
متن کاملExplaining opposition to refugee resettlement: The role of NIMBYism and perceived threats
One week after President Donald Trump signed a controversial executive order to reduce the influx of refugees to the United States, we conducted a survey experiment to understand American citizens' attitudes toward refugee resettlement. Specifically, we evaluated whether citizens consider the geographic context of the resettlement program (that is, local versus national) and the degree to which...
متن کاملFrames in right ideals of $C^*$-algebras
we investigate the problem of the existence of a frame forright ideals of a C*-algebra A, without the use of the Kasparov stabilizationtheorem. We show that this property can not characterize A as a C*-algebraof compact operators.
متن کامل